EN 102-01: College Composition II

There are three steps to creating an annotated bibliography:

1) Select resources 

Locate books, periodicals, and documents that may contain useful information and ideas on your topic. Examine and review the items, selecting those that provide a variety of perspectives on your topic.

2) Cite materials

Cite the book, article, or document using the citation style required by your instructor - APA, MLA, Chicago or AMA.

3) Write the annotation

Write a concise annotation that summarizes the central theme and scope of the resource. Verify the type of annotation you are required to write with your instructor. The two basic types are descriptive and evaluative annotations. Annotations for each resource are typically between 50 and 150 words,.

Descriptive annotations (also known as "informative" annotations) provide only a summary of the author's main ideas. Descriptive annotations are typically two to three sentences long, and describe the content but include no critical remarks evaluating the source’s quality.

Descriptive annotations may include the following types of information:

• The main purpose of the work
• Intended audience of the work
• Background or credibility of the author
• The conclusion or results of the work

Evaluative annotations (also known as "critical" annotations) summarize the essential ideas in a document and provide judgments—negative, positive, or both—about their quality. Evaluative annotations are typically three to four sentences long. Evaluative annotations usually begin with broad comments about the focus of the source, then move to an evaluation of the source.

Evaluative annotations may contain the following type of information:

• The importance of the work’s contribution to the literature of the subject
• The author’s bias or tone
• The author’s qualifications for writing the work
• The accuracy of the information in the source
• Limitations or significant omissions of the work
• The work’s contribution to the literature of the subject
• Comparison with other works on the topic

An annotated bibliography includes descriptions and explanations of your listed sources beyond the basic citation information you usually provide. A good annotated bibliography:

• Encourages you to think critically about the content of the works you are using, their place within a field of study, and their relation to your own research and ideas.
• Proves you have read and understand your sources.
• Establishes your work as a valid source and you as a competent researcher.
• Situates your study and topic in a continuing professional conversation.
• Provides a way for others to decide whether a source will be helpful to their research if they read it.
• Could help interested researchers determine whether they are interested in a topic by providing background information and an idea of the kind of work going on in a field.

Source: UNC Chapel Hill Writing Center

The following example uses APA style (Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, 2019) for the journal citation. Note double spacing and 1/2" hanging indent for all copy following the first line of the citation.

Source: Academic Writer 

This example uses the Chicago format for a journal citation. If there is more than one line of a citation, it must be a) formatted with a 1/2" hanging indent b) single spaced. Double space after the citation, then insert your annotation. The entire annotation must be a) indented an additional 1/2" b) double spaced. For more information and examples, visit Purdue OWL or Scribbr.com.

Source: Purdue OWL

This example uses MLA style (MLA Handbook, 9th edition, 2021) for the journal citation. Note 12 point Times New Roman font, 1/2" hanging indent and double spacing throughout. Indent an additional 1/2" for all copy following the second line of the citation.

Source: Adapted from MLA Style Center